喀什地区土壤放线菌区系及其拮抗植物病原真菌的研究

Study on Population of Actinomycetes and Screening of Antagonistic Actinomycetes to Plant Pathogenic Fungi in Soil from Kashi Region

采用常规方法研究了喀什地区土壤中的放线菌区系和对植物病原真菌的拮抗性。结果表明:喀什地区土壤中含有7个属的放线菌,以链霉菌属为主,占供试土壤中放线菌数量的96.9%;从各种土壤类型所分离的放线菌数量上看,耕作土>林地土>草甸土>沼泽土>盐渍土>风沙土;供试土样中的链霉菌可分为11个类群,其中优势类群为白孢类群,占链霉菌总数的23.2%。对其分离得到放线菌406株,以14种植物病原真菌为靶标菌进行平板拮抗试验,得到42株拮抗活性菌株,占供试放线菌总数的10.3%,发酵复筛试验结果表明:有16株(R I>80%)供试菌株对14种靶标菌表现出了较好的生防效果,占供试菌株的1.2%;其中对苹果轮纹病菌、番茄早疫病菌、油菜菌核病菌和小麦纹枯病菌的生防菌(R I>80%)最多。

In the paper, the population and antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic fungi of the soil actinomycetes from Kashi Region were studied hv normal methods. The results indicated that 7 genus of actinomycetes were isolated in Kashi Region, and the main actinomycetes were Streptomyces （ 96.9 % ）, According to the total number of actinomycetes isolated, the order of the quantity of aetinomycetes Was farmland soil 〉 secondary, forest soil 〉 meadow soil 〉 marshy soil 〉 saline soil 〉 eolian sand soil; Streptomyces could he classified into 11 kinds and albosporus was the dominant group （23.2 % ） . 406 actinomycetes were obtained from soil samples by routine techniques, and 42 actinomycetes 110.3 % ） were got with antagonistic activity to 14 tested plant pathogenic fungi. The results of the further screening of antagonistic activity showed： 16 actinomvcetes with IR higher than 80 % were found and the percent to total tested isolates was 1.2 % ; among all of the tested strains, the biggest quantity of antagonistic actinomycetes to Physa losporapiricola, Alternaris olani, Selerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia cerealis was found.