无压局部灌溉对番茄生长发育及品质的影响研究

Examination of Influence on Tomato Growth and Quality by Non-pressure Subsurface Drip Irrigation

为了探明水分对作物的品质的调控作用,在温室大棚种植番茄采用根区局部控水无压地下灌溉和沟灌的田间对比试验。对番茄根系、生长环境、叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度和光合速率变化,以及对不同生育期内果实品质成分的变化进行了监测分析。结果表明,与沟灌相比,无压灌溉降低了番茄的蒸腾量、减小了气孔导度和光合速率,提高了水分利用率和水分生产率;并不降低作物产量,使番茄的维生素C提高45.79%、可溶性糖提高25.86%、总糖提高34.65%。研究表明,无压灌溉通过水分调控改变了作物生长环境,维持了根冠间协调平衡比例关系,改善物品质,具有以水调质功效。研究结果揭示了番茄生命需水信号与环境信息的内在关系,为农业节水理论深入研究提供了方向。

For exploring clear moisture to influence crop quality, through contrastive experiment, on the tomato planted in the greenhouse, between non - pressure subsurface drip irrigation with controlled irrigation water in crop roots zone （ short for non - pressure irrigation） and furrow irrigation, we analyzed the influence of non - pressure irrigation on growing environment, leaf transpiration speed, stomata conductance and variety of photosynthetic speed in crop growing period, and the impact on fruit quality in different stage. The results showed that compared to furrow irrigation, the transpiration, stomata conductance and photosynthetic in a day were reduced, but improved water availability and productivity. The yield of tomato was not lower, to the contrary, it made the content of vitamin C raise 45.79%, and soluble candy raise 25.86% and total sugar raise 34.65%. The research expressed that non - pressure irrigation improved living conditions, maintaining an equilibrium coordination of root and top through moisture, and finallv improved quality of crop. The research announced to public inside relation between life water signal and the environment information of tomato, and provided a direction for the agriculture saving water theories.