灵魂观念在西方美学中的嬗变

A Transmutation of Soul Conception in Western Aesthetics

西方古典形而上美学的形成是在灵魂观念基础上对审美主体超验性建构的辩证运动过程。历经古希腊的“天赋灵魂”,笛卡尔的“理性灵魂”,德国古典美学灵肉分离、情理对立的审美主体的二次综合。到19世纪随着哲学领域非理性主义和现代心理学的发展,“以灵摄肉”基础上的精神主体,让位于肉身标志的欲望主体。

The formation of westem classical metaphysical aesthetics is a dialectical movement of constituting aesthetic subject transcendently on the basis of soul conception, passing through ＂the theory of natural soul＂ in ancient Greece, Descartes＇ s ＂doctrine of rational soul＂ and in Germany classical aesthetic the second comprehension on aesthetic subject with separate soul and flesh, opposite emotion and ration. In 19 century, with the development of irrationalism and modem psychology, the spirit subject basing on ＂Soul leading flesh＂ yielded to the desire subject with a sign of mortal body.