以人为本的政策转型和制度创新——新经济政策的人权视角诠释

The Human-oriented Russian Policy Transformation and System Innovation——A Probe of the New Economic Policy from the Human Right Perspective

从人权的视角审视苏俄的新经济政策,可以得到如下新的结论:俄共和列宁以战时共产主义政策为典型形式的“直接过渡”的理论和实践,对小农在小商品生产基础上产生的将余粮进行自由贸易的人权要求持否定态度,犯了在一定程度上脱离广大农民群众的错误。以粮食税代替余粮收集制和开放市场等措施为代表的新经济政策时期所有的政策转型和制度创新,都是以维护广大劳动人民特别是农民的生存权和发展权为价值归属的。因此,以人为本是新经济政策的人文精神实质,是新经济政策实质的一个不可忽视的内在维度。

Examining the New Economic Policy of Soviet Union from the view of human fight ,we can draw a conclusion that the ＂direct transition＂theory and practice which represented by the wartime communist policy took a negative attitude to the landed farmers request on their right to free trade of their surplus grain,which,to a certain extent, committed a mistake of departing from agricultural people.However,the policy transformation and system innovation like substituting surplus grain assembly system for grain tax and opening the market in the period of New Economic Policy aimed to maintain the right to live and develop of the public, especially the agricultural people.So the humanist nature could certainly regarded as a essential interior standpoint as well as the humanism spirit of New Economic policy.