丹参、黄花鼠尾和雪山鼠尾染色体数目的研究

Studies on chromosome numbers of Salvia miltiorrhiza,S.flava and S. evansiana

目的:研究我国7个省的药用植物丹参及云南省的黄花鼠尾和雪山鼠尾的体细胞染色体数目。方法:取根尖用冰水混合物处理,卡诺氏固定液固定,1 mol.L-1盐酸解离,改良苯酚品红染色后,制片观察。结果:丹参体细胞染色体数目为2n=2x=16;黄花鼠尾为2n=2x=16;雪山鼠尾为2n=4x=32,染色体基数x=8。同时还发现山东省和四川省的丹参体细胞内存在四倍体细胞型。结论:丹参、黄花鼠尾及雪山鼠尾的染色体基数为8,染色体数目分别为16,16和32。染色体属于微小型及小型染色体,很难用于核型分析。

Objective： To study the numbers of chromosome in Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza from 7 provinces in China, and S.flava as well as S. evansiana from Yunnan province in China. Method： The young root was treated with the mixture of ice and water for 24 h, fixed with Carony＇s fixative for 6-12 h. After differentiating for 10-12 min with 1 mol · L^-1 hydrochloric acid at 60℃ and staining with carbol fuchsin ,the section was observed under microscope. Result： Chromosome numbers of S. miltiorrhiza and S.flava were 2n =2x = 16. The numbers of S. evansiana were 2n =4x =32. The basic numbers of the chromosomes were x = 8. And tetraploids were observed in S. miltiorrhiza from Sichuan provices and Shandong provices. Conclusion： The basic number of the chromosomes are x = 8. The chromosome numbers of S. miltiorrhiza,S.flava and S. evansiana are 16,16 and 32 respectively. As the chromosomes are the small or micro-small ones, it is difficult to use them for karyotype.