西洞庭湖鸟类物种多样性分析

Analysis of Bird Diversity in West Dongting Lake,Hunan Province

2003年7月-2005年6月，按月对西洞庭湖的鸟类资源进行调查，共记录到鸟类198种，分属11目39科。其中雀形目和鹳形目占有绝对优势，分别占鸟类群落组成的40．9％和32.8％。各科中，鸭科种类最多，有26种。候鸟134种，占总数的67．7％。豆雁、绿翅鸭、罗纹鸭等为优势种。记录到包括白鹤、白尾海雕、黑鹳、东方白鹳等4种属国家Ⅰ级重点保护物种和大天鹅等21种国家Ⅱ级重点保护物种。对各季度的个体数、物种数和物种多样性指数进行年动态分析表明，个体数和物种数的年动态总体上相似，因受候鸟的影响，季节性明显，物种多样性指数年动态则存在差异。

Surveys in West Dongting Lake from July 2003 to June 2005 recorded 198 species of birds. These birds belonged to 39 families, 11 orders, of which migrants accounted for 67.7%. The birds of Passeriformes and Ciconiiformes were the dominant species and they comprised 40.9 % and 32.8 % of the species of the community respectively. Among apiece families, the species of Anatidae is the most. Anser fabalis, Anas crecca, A. falcate et al. were the preponderant species. Four of the species recorded in West Dongting Lake were national first-grade protected wildlife, including Grus leucogeranus , Haliaeetus albicilla , Ciconia nigra , C. boyciana. Twenty one of the recorded species were national second-grade protected wildlife, including Cygnus cygnus et al. The annual dynamic of individuals, species and species diversity were analyzed by using the Shannon-Wiener index. In the mass, both the dynamic of individuals and species were resemble, because of the influence of migrants, seasonal fluctuation obviously. But the dynamic of species diversity was different.