《咏怀诗·其三》的曲折用典与阮籍的心志

A Supplementary Exposition of Rnan Ji's Poems on Aspiration

黄帝的“东园”,有凤没身居之。汉宣帝的杜陵,非但曾被称为“东园”,也有凤十一集之的传闻。而葬有曹丕与司马懿的首阳山,在阮籍看来,却是一个“凤翔过而不集,呜枭群而并栖”的所在。阮籍在其咏怀诗中,正是以“东园”隐喻皇家陵园。本文作者认为,理解《咏怀诗·其三》首二句的关键,不在以“嘉树”之喻曹爽；而在以“季孙氏”喻曹魏政权。而此时的曹魏政权在阮籍心中,只是一座已经造就了自己的掘墓人的陵墓。

In his Poems on Aspiration, Ruan Ji metaphorically took the ＂Garden of East＂ as an imperial cemetery since Huang Di＇s （Yellow Emperor） ＂Garden of East＂, the Western Han emperor Xuan Di＇s Du Mausoleum and the Mout of Shouyang where Cao Pi and Sima Yi were buried, all had to do with legends of phoenix. The key to understand the first two verses in Ruan＇s third poem on aspiration lies in that he compared ＂Ji Sun Shi＂ to Cao＇s Kindom of Wei. For Ruan Ji, Cao＇s regime was only a grave whose own diggers had been produced by itself.