程朱“理一分殊”思想的方法论视角

A methodological account of conceptions of unity of theoretical noumenon and practical functions of Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi

“理一分殊”这一命题具有丰厚的思想渊源,具体提出是程颐回答他的学生杨时关于张载《西铭》的疑问时说出的,朱熹则做了进一步丰富和发展。“理一分殊”不但是程朱理学思想的重要组成部分,而且在理学中扮演着方法论的角色。程朱利用“理一分殊”解决了世界万物如何产生以及世界万物统一于什么的问题,这两个问题决定了程朱理学的哲学性质和发展方向。正是由于“理一分殊”这一方法的运用,使得程朱理学大大超越了先秦儒学、道家哲学和佛学关于宇宙生成和万物统一性的论述,使理学成为更缜密、完善、思辨性更强的哲学思想体系。

The meaningful concept of unity of theoretical noumenon and practical functions （Liyifenshu）is created by Cheng Yi as he answers the question by Yang Shi, his disciple on West Inscriptions （Ximing）, and later gets remodeled and enriched by Zhu Xi. As an important component of Cheng and Zhu＇s idealist philosophy, it plays a significantly methodological role, by means of which Cheng and Zhu solve the existence and the unity of the universal matters, consequently determining their philosophical na- ture and development. Likewise, Cheng and Zhu＇s philosophy outdoes the hypothesis of cosmological unification discussed by Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, and becomes more tenable, dialectical and greater system of philosophy.