唐人引《诗》之考察

A survey of the influences of Book of Songs in the Tang dynasty

唐人议论而好称引经典,《诗》是常用者之一。考察唐代士人的议论引《诗》情形,可以看到,随着经学的统一与复兴,他们继续着汉人所建立的言说传统,以《诗》为发言立论的政治依据。不同的是,唐代经学因为与科举考试结合而出现的经学教育平民化,既使儒家经学获得前所未有的普及性教育,而重经文、轻义理,读经者多、研经者少的经学状况同时又潜藏着经学衰落的危机与变革的契机。通观唐人议论引《诗》的情形,可以见出《诗》在唐代随同政治的盛衰而有起落,而这一起落反映的是儒家经学在唐代的盛衰转变。

The scholars of the Tang dynasty are well known for their quotations of classics, in particular, of the Book of Songs. This reflects that with the restoration of the popularity of Book of Songs, the Tang scholars follow the suit of the Han scholars in taking Book of Songs as their political basis. But they differ in that in the Tang dynasty the learning of Book of Songs is immersed in the grassroots due to the imperial examination, and Confucian learning is belittled with more stress on the arts than science, and superficial reading than in-depth researches. This signifies the learning crisis and a prelude to social reform. Therefore the popularity of Book of Songs fluctuates with the rise and fall of politics.