写心之旨·自传之意·小品之格——徐燨《写心杂剧》的转型特征及其戏曲史意义

The Transforming Characteristics and their Significance in Drama History of Xu Xi's Miscellaneous Dramas that Describe Hearts and Minds

清代乾隆年间徐创作的《写心杂剧》,在杂剧史上是一部具有“范式”意义的作品。其体制形态上由“代人立言”到“自我登场”的转变,改变了以往杂剧创作追求“自喻”的表达方式。通过自我抒情言志和高扬主体精神的“写心”作法、因自传性艺术演述凸显出来的特殊意味,以及与晚明小品灵动自然、清新隽永之艺术格调的同构对应等,都充分显示出《写心杂剧》既徘徊于雅俗之间,同时又为普通文人提供了特殊的话语空间的艺术价值。

In Qianlong reigning years of the Qing Dynasty, Xu Xi＇s miscellaneous drama that describes his is a magnum opus in the history of Chinese drama. Its system which changed thoughts from writing in the name of others without independent thoughts to describing his thoughts, has altered the writing style of aiming at the complex of self-projection. It shows sufficiently that Miscellaneous Drama that describes thoughts provides special artistic value of discourse space for ordinary literati as well as for writer＇s wandering between elegance and vulgarness through manifold ways, such as the practice of expressing will and emotion, the special meaning revealed by autobiographic artistic expression and the natural artistic manner similar to essays of the late Ming Dynasty.