越南民商事管辖权制度探析

On the System of Civil and Commercial Jurisdiction of Vietnam

越南国会是越南最高权力机关和立法机关。越南法院分为三级:最高人民法院、地方人民法院和地区人民法院。对于“商事纠纷”的含义,在一些重要方面越南的规则与国际标准不同。《经济纠纷法》列举了经济法庭有权裁决的争议类型。包含“涉外因素”的经济案件,由越南经济法庭审理。地方(区)人民法院行使管辖权的依据是被告营业地或住所在法院管辖区内。管辖权的排除主要表现在以下方面:外交豁免与领事豁免、外国土地和管辖权选择协议。未决诉讼案件原则和不方便法院原则并没有得到越南法学家们的广泛承认。管辖权冲突问题由越南最高人民法院解决。

The Vietnamese National Assembly is the highest power and hw-making body, The courts are classified into three levels： the supreme people＇ s Court, the local people＇s courts and the district people＇s Courts. As to what matter is ＂commercial＂, Vietnamese rules differs from international norms in certain important respects. The economic disputes ordinance provides the types of dispute the economic courts are competent to adjudicate. The economic matters involving foreign elements are tried by the economic courts. The jurisdiction of the local or district people＇s court is general based on the locality where the defendant has an office or residence. The situations of exclusion of jurisdiction are as follow： diplomatic and consular immunity, foreign land and forum agreement. Vietnamese jurists don＇t general recognize the doctrines of lis alibi pendens and forum non conveniens. The conflicts of jurisdiction are settled by the supreme people＇ s court.