太极拳改善训练者心理健康状态的作用

Influence of shadowboxing on improving trainers' condition of psychological health

目的:观察太极拳在改善和调节人的心理健康状态方面的作用。方法:①对河北科技师范学院2000/2005的480名太极拳练习者(大学生400名,教师80名)进行调查。练习者中,大学生拳龄0.5～4年,教师2～8年,每天坚持练拳2h以上。②训练者的练拳动因调查采用问卷调查法,问卷为自行设计,列举了5个练拳动因,在开始学拳时填写。③要求训练者每月至少写一次写练拳心得,从练拳心得中选取与心理健康有关的10项指标(心情愉快、消除紧张、缓解压力、改善睡眠、改善思维、改善人际、改善性格、调节情绪、遇事沉稳、转变视角),对480名练拳者的原始资料进行整理统计。结果:480名练拳者的资料均进入结果分析。①练拳动因:想增强体质占24.0%,想学习武术占61.3%,想学习传统文化占45.2%,喜欢太极拳,想拜师学艺占70.0%,心理障碍的调整与治疗占11.9%。②经过1个月以上系统的太极拳练习后,100%练习者均有心情愉快的感受;所有学生和95%以上的教师练习者有改善睡眠、调节情绪等良好感觉,所有教师和97.3%的学生练习者有消除紧张、遇事沉稳等良好感觉;95.2%以上的练习者都感到可以缓解生活和工作压力;92.1%的练习者都认为通过太极拳练习可以改善思维;95.6%的练习者认为可以改善人际关系;89%以上的练习者认为,“能全面分析问题,转变了看问题的角度”。结论:太极拳可以达到调节训练者心理健康状态的作用,这一影响是生理-生化、心理、社会以及太极拳本身特殊的运动方式共同作用的结果。

AIM： To observe the effects of shadowboxing on improving and adjusting trainers＇ condition of psychological health. METHODS： ①Totally 480 shadowboxing trainers （400 undergraduates and 80 teachers） from 2000 to 2005 in Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology were investigated. Among the trainers, all students＇ training time was 0.5-4 years, and teachers＇ was 2-8 years, and they all insisted on training more than two hours every day. ②The cause of training was surveyed with questionnaire that was designed by oneself, listed 5 cause of training. The questionnaire was filled out at the beginning of studying shadowboxing. ③The trainers should write the gains from learning shadowboxing at least once a month. Ten items from these gains related to mental health were selected, which were a happy mood, tenseness elimination, alleviation of the spiritual pressure, improvement of sleep, improvement of thinking, improvement of human relationship, improvement of character, emotion adjustment, calm in affairs and transition of visual angle. The original materials of 480 trainers were arranged and summed up. RESULTS： A total of 480 informants＇ materials were involved in the result analysis. ①Cause of doing shadowboxing： There were enhancement of physical ability （24.0%）, learning martial arts （61.3%）, learning traditional culture （45.2%）, fond of shadowboxing and would like to be taught and learn skills （70.0%）, adjustment and treatment of mental obstacle （11.9%）. ② After training shadowboxing for over 1 month systematically, all the trainers were happy; All the studefits and over 95% teachers had good feelings such as improvement of sleep, emotion adjustment and So on. All the teachers and 97.3% students had good feelings such as tenseness elimination, calm in affairs and so on. Over 95.2% trainers had the feelings of alleviation of the living and work pressure; 92.1% trainers believed that the shadowboxing could improve thinking; 95.6% trainers believed that the shadowboxing could improve human relationship; Over 89% trainers believed that they could analyze problems from multiple angles and change the angle of thinking problems. CONCLUSION： Shadowboxing can adjust the mental health of trainers. This influence is the common effect of physiological-biochemistry, the psychology, the society and the special mode of motion of shadowboxing itself.