上海市老年人营养状况调查

A survey on dietary behaviors and their influencing factors in Shanghai elders

[目的]通过对上海市老年人膳食、体格状况的调查，评价上海市老年人的营养状况，为进一步改善上海市老年人营养状况提供依据。[方法]以60—75岁的上海市老年人为调查对象，采用流行病学现况调查的方法。调查表的设计经过文献查阅、专家讨论、预调查等过程。膳食结构的调查采用食物频率表，评价采用量化分等级、中国膳食平衡指数的方法；体格状况的评价采用体质指数法。[结果]有60．7％的老人膳食结构欠合理，其中主要是奶制品、水果、水产品的摄入不足，谷类消费比较合理。上海市老年人中，超重占40．0％，肥胖8．0％，过轻4．4％；女性超重的比例略多于男性。[结论]受多种因素的影响，上海市有过半的老年人膳食结构不合理，有近一半的老年人超重或肥胖，有必要加以改善。

[ Objective] To evaluate the nutritional status of Shanghai elders through dietary interview and physical examination, so as to provide scientific bases to improve their nutritional status. [ Methods ] The survey was carded out in Shanghai elders＇ aged 60 - 75 years. A cross - sectional epidemiological study was used. The questionnaire was designed through literatures reading, experts assessing and pre - investigation. The diet of elders were interviewed using food frequency questionnaires. The rank comprehensive evaluation and Chinese Diet Balance Index （ DBI ） were selected to evaluate their dietary patterns. Body mass index （ BMI ） was selected to evaluate physical status of elders. [ Results] The food construction in 60.7% of Shanghai elders was unhealthy, including consuming not enough dairy, fresh fruit and fish. Grain consumption was comparatively reasonable in Shanghai elders. Among Shanghai elders, 40.0% were overweight, 8.0% were obese and 4.4% were underweight. The proportion of overweight was higher in females than in males. [ Conclusion] More than half of the Shanghai elders had unhealthy dietary patterns, which led to overweight or obesity. It needs to be improved.