牛结核病诊断方法研究进展

Progress on Diagnostic Methods in Bovine Tuberculosis

牛结核病主要是由牛分支杆菌引起的一种人兽共患传染病,近年来发病率有所上升,给奶牛养殖业造成了巨大的危害。目前,牛结核病的诊断仍然以传统的迟发性变态反应试验为主,其他诊断方法有根据临床症状和病理变化诊断、抗酸染色法、细菌分离培养法、PCR法、血清学方法、淋巴细胞转化试验、γ-干扰素试验和菌体成分检测法等。为了净化该病,必须提高诊断方法的敏感性和特异性。文章对这些诊断方法及其优缺点做了概述,并指出结核病普查检测时,比较合理的诊断方式是迟发性变态反应试验和间接ELISA法同时运用。

Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium boris. In recent years there was rising tendency in China, this disease brings large harm to cows. Traditional method in examing bovine tuberculosis is delayed type hypersensitivity（DTH） test which gives priority to diagnosis at present. There are many methods for the diagnosis of this disease, such as clinic symptom and pathological lesion,anti-acid method, pathogen isolating and culturing, PCR, serologic tests, transformation test of lymphoeytes,γ-interferon assay,biochemical composition test, and so on. It is necessary to raise the level of sensitivity and specificity in order to eradicate the disease. The research progress of diagnostic methods in bovine tuberculosis was summarized. Meanwhile, the merits and disadvantages of different methods were depicted in this article. In addition, it is suggested that the proper measure of diagnosis was using both delayed type hypersensitivity test and indirect ELISA.