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儿童气道梗阻 被引量:4

Airway Obstruction Children
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摘要 儿童气道梗阻的病因包括外来压迫和腔内梗阻。其临床表现多非特异性,部分与哮喘和慢性支气管炎重叠,尤其合并先天性心脏病时,伴发的呼吸道症状常掩盖了气道自身病变,故较难识别。因此,对反复或持续呼吸道感染、肺不张、粗糙咳嗽、严重喘鸣、吸入性胸骨凹陷、活动耐量降低、呼吸困难、窒息或有长期插管史且不能用其他原因解释的患儿应高度怀疑气道梗阻。纤维支气管镜检是诊断气道梗阻的一线筛查方法,三维CT和MRI血管造影适用于腔外梗阻,尤其是血管来源气道受压者的评估。有明显呼吸道症状、中等或严重程度的气道梗阻者一经诊断应尽早手术治疗,以降低并发症和病死率。术后持续的气道梗阻与残余压迫、继发性气道管壁软化或气管自身缺损有关。支架植入仅适用于全身状况较差、不能耐受手术或心血管畸形纠治术后长期插管的气道梗阻者。
出处 《国际儿科学杂志》 2006年第6期411-414,共4页 International Journal of Pediatrics
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