乌鲁木齐地基GPS数据的解算和应用

Solution and Application of the Ground-based GPS Data in Urumqi,Xinjiang

介绍了全球定位系统（GPS）地基遥感水汽的基本原理和方法。对2004年8月1～31日乌鲁木齐地基GPS站观测数据和IGS星历，应用GAMIT软件进行解算。结合相应的地面温度、气压观测数据，反演乌鲁木齐站2004年8月大气水汽总量间隔为1h的变化曲线，与探空资料进行对照均方根偏差为2．1mm，实验的结果初步验证了地基GPS观测为气象服务的可行性和可靠性。

In this paper, the fundamentals and methods of remote sensing in monitoring atmospheric vapor based on global positioning system （GPS） are introduced. Using ground-based GPS data from August 1 to 31, 2004 and the temperature and air pressure data in Urumqi, the atmospheric precipitable precipitation over Urumqi is estimated with a temporal resolution of 1 hour. The results show that RMS deviation of precipitable precipitation estimated with GPS and radiosonde is 2.1 mm, that is the precipitable precipitation estimated with GPS accords well with that estimated with radiosonde. The experiment validates that the ground-based GPS is feasible and reliable in providing some meteorological services. It is considered that, under current observation conditions and the allowable accuracy, ground-based GPS can be regarded as a new and effective method to increase the temporal and spatial aerological sounding sites for monitoring regional or global atmospheric vapor. The detailed change of atmospheric vapor can be derived using ground-based GPS, and the technology is of sig nificance in predicting mid and small-scale weather systems.