丹参小孢子发生和雄配子体发育过程的解剖学研究

Anatomic Study of Salvia miltiorrhiza Microsporogenesis and Male Gametophyte Development

在显微水平上对丹参小孢子发生和雄配子体的发育过程及其与不同发育阶段花蕾的外部形态的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：丹参有2枚雄蕊，每个花药具2个花粉囊．小孢子母细胞减数分裂属同时型，小孢子在四分体中的排列属四面体型。成熟花粉粒属3细胞型并有6个萌发沟。花粉囊壁发育属双子叶型，由4层细胞构成，即表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层。绒毡层细胞为腺质，二核。植株花蕾肉眼可见，大小在1～1.5mm时雄蕊孢原细胞开始分化；花蕾长至9～12mm。即从钟型花萼的钟口肉眼可见乳白色花瓣时．形成成熟的雄配子体，雄配子体具有3细胞的花粉粒。

In Salvia miltiorrhiza ,the microsporogenesis and male gametophyte developments with their relativity to the morphologies of flower buds at different developmental stages were microscopically examined. It was shown that Salvia miltiorrhiza has two stamens in which each anther has two pollen sacs,the microspore mother cells perform the simultaneous type of meiosis, and the microspores are arranged in a tetrahedral shape in the tetrads. The mature pollens belong to the three-cell type and have six germination apertures. The pollen sac wall have the dicotyledonous type of development and are composed of four layers,epidermis,endothelium,middle layer,and tapetum. The tapetum belongs to glandular type and has two nuclei. In the plants,the archesporial cells of the stamens begin to differentiate while the flower buds are visible with naked eyes,ranging within 1-1.5 mm;while the flower buds are 9-12 mm long,i. e. the opal petals are visible with naked eyes through the mouths of the bell-shaped calyxes, there form mature male gametophytes that have three-cell pollen grains.