不同干燥技术对金银花药用品质的影响

Effects of Different Drying Methods on Officinal Qualities of(Flos lonicerace)

采用真空干燥、冷冻干燥、微波干燥、蒸后烘干、烘干和晒干等6种干燥技术对大白期金银花花蕾外观性状及内在品质的影响进行分析研究.结果表明:(1)微波干燥、蒸后烘干和冷冻干燥所获得的金银花外观品质好;(2)从水溶出物量和醇溶出物量上看,微波干燥、蒸后烘干和晒干技术所获得的溶出物量高;用比色法和HPLC法检测显示,蒸后烘干样品中有效成分———绿原酸、总黄酮含量最高,其次是微波干燥法,而烘干样品中含量最低;(3)不同干燥技术对金银花中营养成分———游离氨基酸和可溶性糖含量的影响以及对药用有效成分的影响不同,因此金银花作为药材使用时应选择蒸后烘干技术进行初加工;(4)晒干、冷冻干燥和微波干燥3种干燥方法对金银花挥发油主要组分种类没有产生影响,但相对质量分数仍有明显差异,只有晒干的金银花挥发油中检测出了9,19-环化-羊毛甾烯醇,而微波干燥的样品中维生素E含量最高,挥发油中γ-5-谷甾烯-3-醇、5,2-豆甾二烯-3-醇、菜籽甾醇相对含量较其它方法明显高出很多.因此,蒸后烘干和微波干燥技术可作为规模化干燥加工金银花的最佳方法.

The effects of six drying methods , vacuum drying, freeze drying, microwave drying, steaming and oven drying,oven drying and sun drying,on external and internal qualities of Lonicera japonica flower buds were studied. It was shown that （1） The flower buds that were microwave dried,and steamed and oven dried,and freeze dried had good external qualities; （2） The flower buds that were microwave dried, steamed and oven dried and sun dried contained high contents of water-and ethanol-soluble substances and the samples of the flower buds that were steamed and oven dried were determined by colorimetry and HPLC to have the highest contents of chlorogenic acid and total flavonoids——the effective ingredients in L. japonica flower buds,the flower buds that were microwave dried to take the second place in the effective gradients and the flower buds that were oven dried to have the lowest contents of the effective ingredients; （3） Different drying methods showed different effects on the contents of free amino acids and soluble sugar——the nutritious ingredients,and officinal effective ingredients in L. japonica flower buds, so that L. japonica flower buds should be dried by steaming and oven drying if they were used as offinical materials; （4） Sun drying,freeze drying,microwave drying did not have effects on major volatile constituents in L. japonica flower buds, but resulted in the relative contents differing significantly; 9,19-cyclolanostenol was detected only in the volatile oil of sundried L. japonica flower buds, microwave dried L. japonica flower buds had the highest content of vitamin E and the contents of γ-5-sitostene-3-ol,stigmasta-5,2-diene-3-ol and campesterol in their volatile oil that were much more higher than those in that of L.japonica flower buds dried by the other drying methods. Therefore,steamed and oven drying,and microwave drying could be the best drying methods of drying L. japonica flower buds on a scale level.