2002年度唐昭陵北司马门遗址发掘简报

A Brief Report of 2002's Excavation of the North Sima Gate Site of Tang's Zhaoling Mausoleum

唐太宗昭陵位于陕西省礼泉县东北部，因山为陵，所在的九嵕山海拔1224米，是关中唐十八陵中海拔最高的陵园。通过调查，现知陵园的重要建筑群遗址有3处：九嵕山南侧偏东山梁下的南司马门及献殿遗址；西南侧台地上的寝宫遗址；北侧山坡的北司马门遗址。此外还有山腰南侧和东侧的石窑、石室遗迹。九嵕山南侧和东侧的山坡及山下东、南部的开阔平原地带则是昭陵的陪葬墓区（图一）。包括陪葬墓区的陵园总面积约20平方公里，地跨礼泉县烟霞、赵镇、北屯3个乡镇。

Since 2002, the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology has started a systemized excavation for the North Sima Gate Site of Tang＇s Zhaoling （昭陵） Mausoleum and first made clear of the general size and layout of this Site. Detailed structures were found out in respects of Sanchu Watchtower, Lieji （halberd show） corridor （列戟廊） and stone inscription long - corridor and other buildings. The building group of Zhaoling＇s North Sima Gate is situated on a terraced hill under the north slope of Jiuzong mountain （九嵕山）, facing south and extending from north to south, 86 meters long by 61 meters wide, representing a symmetrical layout. At its northernmost end and out of the flank - hall type Gate, there are Sanchu Palace and Lieji （halberd show） corridor （列戟廊）, with the Gate of flanking - chamber type situated at the middle axis; Inside the Gate, there are flanking chambers and side rooms at both side; At the southernmost end there are at both side stone statues of portraits of 14 kings of foreign countries/tribes and the Bass - relief Six Steeds. Its architectural features were clearly defined within boundary walls. The Qing dynasty＇s Altar Sites as overlaid upon the Site of Tang includes： from north to south, Temple Gate, brick road, wing hall, covered walk, grand palace and side rooms for the ＂Six Steeds＂ relief kept at Qing dynasty. Also unearthed are many examples of ancient building materials such as eaves tile, pantile, tabular tile, rectangular bricks of Ming, Qing and Tang Dynasties. Additionally unearthed are stone relief fragments of the Bass - relief Six Steeds and portraits of 14 kings of foreign countries/tribes, all have important meaning to architectural/art history and cultural relic/archeological research.