廊道效应与城市景观结构

CORRIDOR EFFECTS AND URBAN LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

根据景观学原理，本文将城市廊道分为两类：人工廊道与自然廊道，并着重分析城市廊道的场效应。研究表明，廊道效应产生的实质在于廊道效益是距离的函数，因而可用指数衰减曲线表示。从理论上分析，人工廊道与自然廊道场效应的分界点即综合效益极大点，自然廊道在两条人工廊道之间存在的合理依据是：至少存在两个分别与两条指数衰减曲线相交的综合效益极值点。根据廊道效应原理，本文对北京古代传统规划格局进行分析，发现在天人合一与择中论的规划思想指导下，北京存在以水网为骨架，将山水引入中心与城外四面八方的自然廊道交相辉映，保证古都北京的优良生态环境。现代城市规划与建设中的失误会极大破坏这种人与自然的和谐，在北京“分散集团式”总体规划中，应将自然廊道体系纳入规划方案，形成人工与自然廊道相间分布，有机分散的景观格局。

This paper is concerned with two types of urban corridor, artiffitial corridor and natural corridor, The corridor effect is examined in the urban landscape structure,The analysis is undertaken using a Distance-Decay Function which is based on idea concerning the concept“corridor benefit”.The line of demarcation between artificial corridor and natural corridor is the maximum synthetic benefit point from the theory analysis. This study suggests that there are two synthetic benefit points on the curves of Distance-Decay Functions for the existence of a natural corridor between two artifitial corridors.Particularly, it is necessary to avoid a high density of artificial corridors and to improve social and economic benefit in natural corridors.An ancient traditional city planning theory of China is examined in Beijing.This inner city study attempts to replicate several findings of water system as a framework around and through the centre of the city combined with the east, the west,the south, the north and the eight directions of natural corridor effects.Ideas of human and matural in perfect harmony had been used in the city landscape planning to preserve ecological balance.