尿路感染病原菌的分布及耐药性调查

Investigation on distribution and drug resistance of urinary tract infecting pathogenic bacteria

目的 了解近年来医院尿路感染病原菌的种类及对抗生素的耐药状况。方法 统计分析2002-2004年两家医院门诊及住院患者的尿培养与药敏结果。结果 3年间尿培养总计I921例，检出病原菌546株，平均阳性率为28．4％；尿路感染病原菌以大肠埃希氏菌、肠杆菌科和葡萄球菌为主，其中金黄色葡萄球菌所致尿路感染的比例呈逐年上升趋势。在检出病原菌中，革兰阴性菌对第三代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖甙类抗生素敏感；阳性菌对万古霉索、呋喃妥因、替考拉宁显示较高抗菌活性。结论 尿路感染病原菌的变迁及耐药性的增强是抗生素作用下细菌适应生存的必然结果。针对其耐药机理采取更为准确的检验方法及合理使用抗生素是尿路感染诊断和治疗的有效途径。

Objective To investigate the category and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria causing urinary tract infection. Methods To statistically analyze the results of cultivation and susceptibility test of patients＇ urine samples from out-patient clinic and inpatient department during 2002 to 2004. Results 1 921 urine samples and isolated 546 strain pathogenic bacteria were cultivated,the positive rate was 28.4%; the major pathogeui,; bacteria included E. coli,Enterobacteriaeeae and Staphyllococcus,and the ratio of S. aureus was increasing in recent years. In these isolated pathogenic bacteria, Gram negative bacteria were sensitive to cephalosporin,quinolone and aminoglycosides, and Gram positive bacteria were sensitive to vaneomyein, nitrofurantoin and teicoplanin. Conclusion Variation of pathogenic bacteria and enhancement of drug resistance is certain result for bacteria adapting to antibiotic.