《水浒传》的版本研究与田王二传的作者——与孟繁仁诸先生商榷

On the Editions of the Outlaws of the Marsh and the Authors of Lives of Tian and Wang

由施耐庵和罗贯中创作并最后定稿的《水浒传》,成书于元末明初。明代万历初年开始出现的简本《水浒传》插增了田、王二传。田、王二传是否为罗贯中增补,这是重大问题。由高儒著录的署名“施耐庵的本,罗贯中编次”的百回本《忠义水浒传》是今知明代最早的版本。根据考证,它应当就是施、罗创作定稿的原本。在明人有关史料中对施、罗原本或早期本从未有田、王二传内容的记述,《水浒传》书中的谒语、真言却反证了《水浒传》成书前的早期本和原本不曾有田、王二传部分。简本晚于繁本,系对繁本加以删削又插增田、王二传而成书。现存最早的简本“插增本”(残本)的刊行者就是插增田、王二传的始作俑者。罗贯中下距“插增本”成书二百年之久,田、王二传的增补与罗贯中无关。简本和“全传本”田、王二传中的许贯忠及有关描写,被作为提出“罗贯中虚像”说的依据,但此依据在籍贯、身世经历、地理名称等方面存在一系列问题,不能自圆其说。用仙道梦境描写印证“虚像”说的做法实不可取。

The Outlaws of the Marsh , co - authored and finalized by Shi Nai - an and Luo Guan - zhong, was finally published in late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. In the early years of Ming Dynasty appeared a simplified edition of the Outlaws＂ of the Marsh in which added the Lives of Tian and Wang. The big problem lies in whether the Lives of Tian and Wang was supplemented by Luo Guan - zhong. The 100 chapters of the Loyal Outlaws of the Marsh, entitled with ＂Written by Shi Nai＇ an and Supplemented by Luo Guan- zhong＂, which was edited by Gao Ru, is so far the earliest known edition of the Ming Dynasty. After making a textual research, it is supposed to be the original copy fixed by Shi and Luo. In the historical references by scholars in Ming Dynasty, there was no such part as the Lives of Tian and Wang in the original copy by Shi and Luo. Therefore, the supplementary part of the Lives of Tian and Wang has nothing to do with Luo Guan - zhong.