“类型”与“个性”的争论——1914年德意志制造联盟科隆论战

Typisierung and Individuality——The 1914 Werkbund Debate

德意志制造联盟的成立无疑是现代建筑史上最重要的历史事件之一,德意志制造联盟的思想深深影响着现代建筑和设计的发展,但是,国内的学术资料却甚少提及在德意志制造联盟成立中隐藏着的矛盾。这次矛盾在制造联盟科隆会议上变得尤为激化,在这次会议上著名建筑赫尔曼·穆特休斯与凡·德·威尔德关于“类型”与“个人主义”的争论深深影响着制造联盟后来的道路。科隆会议上的争论不仅仅涉及设计领域,在争论的背后还隐藏着更深一层的艺术与经济需要的矛盾。

The establishment of the Werkbund is undoubtedly one of the most important events in the modern architectural history While the conceptions of the Werkbund have been affecting the development of modern architecture and design, its hidden divarication is scarcely mentioned among internal academia. During the Cologne meeting, the controversy between Hermann Muthesius and Van De Velde on typisierung and individualism, which not only involved designing but also revealed the contradiction between arts and economical needs accelerated this divarication and later shows its impact on the development trajectory of the Werkbund.