从近代民族主义思潮解读民族形式建筑

An Approach to Understand Modern Architecture in National Chinese Style

20世纪前半叶,以大屋顶和传统装饰细部为主要特征的民族复兴样式成为中国主流的建筑样式。从清末民初、民国南京建设、日伪的“新京”建设到新中国成立后的“十大建筑”,虽然各个时期的民族形式建筑背后的政治和社会背景大不相同,但是若仔细剖析,仍能看出背后有一条民族主义思想的主线,不绝如缕贯穿其间。这种以传统文化为旗帜的民族主义,利用建筑为手段表达了近代民族性与国家观念。该文考察民族主义的反抗与建设的两个面相,及受之影响的民族形式建筑在近代中国的发生发展。这一现象也说明,中国近代建筑史应当从思想史的角度加以分析。

In the first half of the 20th century, Chinese renaissance style became the dominant architectural style in Chine, with striking characters such as big roof end exquisite decorations. Such style was adopted by American architects in chapels and educational facilities, by Kuomindang in Nenjing, by Japanese In northeast Chine, and by PRC after 1949. Distinctly different as political and social situations may be, concerns on nationalism ran through the period of modern China. Architecture was regarded as a manner to represent the idea of nationality end modernity. This paper discusses protest and construction, the two sides of nationallsm, and the influence on modern architecture. Besides, modern Chinese architectural history should be analyzed in the scope of intellectual history.