群星俯瞰——欧洲现代主义建筑师在美国

When the Stars Look Down:European Modernism Architects in the USA

两次世界大战期间,欧洲现代主义建筑师大量移民美国,不但促成了现代建筑在全球范围的推广普及,也可说是现代意义上的建筑师国际化的滥觞。这些来自境外的知名建筑师,到底通过怎样的途径直接或间接地影响了美国建筑界和普通大众,进而成功地推广了他们的建筑理念?这是一个值得深入考察的问题,同经济大萧条之后的美国相似,我们如今正在面临着类似的建筑市场开放和境外建筑师的涌入。如何协调本土建筑师和国际化建筑师的关系,如何培养本土建筑师并将之推向国际舞台,如何批判地借鉴国际经验、不但引入具有时代特征的设计方案、同时吸纳先进的设计思想、进而培养自身的建筑文化内涵,都是迫在眉睫的问题。在这方面,美国模式给我们提供了相当具有启发意义的经验;而对建筑教育的高度重视,事实上起到了至关重要的作用。

Between the two World Wars, a lot of European architects moved to America. This phenomenon not only resulted in the dissemination of Modernism in the world wide, but also opens the door for the internationalization of the architects, This thesis discusses on the way that how American received the alien architects with their ideas, and how these people reflected America in both design style and artistic taste. Thus, it raises a question that how we can learn from the USA mechanism and receive design spirits of the new age by means of architectural education.