北京住宅舒适度与低能耗研究

REASONABLE COMFORT AND LOW-ENERGY COMSUMPTION FOR HOUSING IN BEIJING

本文详尽阐述了在中国建筑产业中强劲的能源需求与能源浪费之间的矛盾,并以北京住宅为例,探讨了以合理的投入获得住宅舒适度的可能和方法。快速的经济增长促使人们对住宅的舒适度要求越来越高;但由于建筑的维护结构不能很好地适应自然,供热系统也相对粗放,达到最基本的室内环境标准往往要付出很高的代价。本文详尽地研究了建筑的维护结构、自然及建筑能耗的关系:运用国际流行的热舒适度评估软件TAS建立了深入研究建筑维护结构的模型,以维护结构中每个细小参数的变化对整体建筑能耗和舒适度影响的分项评估为基本研究方法,研究结果表明建筑维护结构的任何一个单项元素对整体能耗的影响都是有敏感区的;同时也表明任何评价都要以整体的节能水平和经济回报率为基础去衡量才有意义。

This article presents strong energy demands and high-energy waste in building stock in China and explores the reasonable way to achieve energy efficiency step by step. In the last two decades, occupancy comfort requirement was increasing significantly due to higher incomes; whereas poor energy performance of building envelope and heating systems led to more energy consumed for basic comfort; in some cases, the situation may be worSer Thus, thermal comfort criteria are established based on the study of domestic activities and occupancy patterns. By using the tooi-TAS, two series of parametrical and sensitive simulations are undertaken tying to establish priorities for reasonable measures to improve energy efficiency in housing in Beijing. With the help of the estimation of each building envelope improvements, the study concludes that reasonable cost and energy efficiency can be achieved by proper integration of reasonable cost design, construction alternations and space conditioning equipment.