美国现行饮用水水质标准简介

Brief introduction of current U.S. drinking water standard

美国现行饮用水水质标准是在《1996年安全饮用水法修正案》的框架内制定的,根据其要求,为每种污染物制定了污染物最大浓度目标值(MCLGs)和污染物最大浓度值(MCLs),由于两者的目的不同,制定方法也有所不同。从内容上,该标准分为一级标准(NPDWRs)和二级标准(NSDWRs)。一级标准为强制性标准,适用于公用给水系统;二级标准为非强制性标准,用于控制水中对美容或感官有影响的污染物浓度。此外,还对其他相关的水质标准、法规作了简要介绍。

The current U. S. drinking water standard is developed under the Safe Drinking Water Act（SDWA）amendments 1996, it＇s goals is to control the contaminants in drinking water, ensure safe drinking water to the consumer and protect the health of them. Two levels are established for each contaminant in the standard above mentioned according to the amendments, one is Maximum Contaminant Level Goals（MCLGs）, and the other is Maximum Contaminant Levels（MCLs）. The approach setting MCLGs differs from MCLs for their different goals. This standard is comprised of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations（NPDWRs）and National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations（NSDWRs）, the former are legally enforceable standards that apply to public water systems and the latter are non-enforceble guidelines regulating contaminants that may cause cosmetic effects or aesthetic effects in drinking water. Relative drinking water standards and rules are also introduced briefly in context.