4Reinus JF, Brandt LJ. Vascular ectasias and diverticulosis common causes of lower intestinal bleeding. Gastroenterol ClinNorth Am,1994, 23:1
5MeyerC, Troncale F, Galloway S, et al.Arteriovenous malformtions of the bewel:An analysis of 22 cases and a review of the literature. Medicine, 1981, 60:36
6BOLEY SJ, SAMMARTANO R, ADAMS A, et al. On the na- ture and etiology of vascular ectasias of the colon. Degenerative lesions of aging[J]. Gastroenterology, 1977,72(32) ~ 650.
7MOORE JD , THOMPSON NW ,APPELMAN HD, et al. Areriovenous malformations of the gastrointestinal tract[J]. Arch Surg,1976,111(4) :381.