旅游绅士化:概念、类型与机制

Tourism Gentrification:Concept,Type and Mechanism

在全球化背景下,旅游业愈益成为城市经济发展、竞争力提升的重要战略手段。在许多城市出现了投资较高、规模巨大的旅游休闲娱乐项目,这些大型旅游项目往往都与城市更新与改造紧密相关,深刻地影响着城市社会、经济、文化等各个方面,并逐渐形成一种旅游绅士化倾向,即通过大型旅游和娱乐项目开发而引起的城市中某些地域的重新建设,从而使其周边邻里地区发展成为富裕、独立区域的社会现象。本文依据依托物的不同,提出了3种旅游绅士化类型,借鉴旅游地生命周期理论,划分了旅游绅士化发展的4个阶段,并且分析了在全球与地方互动环境下,地方政府、房地产开发商在旅游绅士化中的作用机制,以及大型旅游休闲娱乐项目在重塑地区旅游和休闲娱乐环境中的重要角色。

Under the background of globalization, tourism industry has become an important strategic means for the development of urban economy and the upgrading of competitiveness. Highly invested and large-scale tourism leisure and amusement projects have emerged in many cities. These items are usually closely related to urban renovation and revamping, profoundly affect its society, economy and cuhure. A trend of gentrification is being gradually formed. Tourism gentrification refers to the transformation of some neighborhoods into relatively affluent and exclusive enclaves marked by a proliferation of tourism and entertainment projects. This paper brings forward three types of tourism gentrification. The development of tourism gentrification is divided into four stages by using the theory of destination life cycle. The roles of the local government and real estate developers are also discussed. The paper also examines how the important role large tourism projects should play in rebuilding tourism leisure and entertainment environment under global-local interaction.