广西产马尾松与湿地松针叶精油化学成分的比较

Comparison of Chemical Components of Essential Oils in Needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottottii Engelm from Guangxi

用水蒸气蒸馏法从广西产马尾松和湿地松的针叶中提取精油,探索了松针投料量和提取时间对产油率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为:松针投料量700 g,提取时间5 h。在此最佳条件下马尾松和湿地松针叶的产油率分别为0.45%和0.19%。用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)等方法分别对两树种的针叶精油进行了定量和定性分析,从马尾松针叶精油中分离出64种化学成分,鉴定了其中的20种成分,占挥发油总量的98.59%;从湿地松针叶精油中分离出73种化学成分,鉴定了其中的29种成分,占挥发油总量的94.23%。两树种针叶精油的主要化学成分大致相同,但在含量上有较大差别。马尾松针叶精油中α-蒎烯的含量约为湿地松的2.6倍,但其β-蒎烯含量低于后者。单萜和倍半萜是构成马尾松和湿地松针叶精油的主要成分。

Essential oils were extracted by steam distillation from the needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottottii Engelm grown in Guangxi. Various factors such as pine needle dosage and extraction time which may influence the oil yield were investigated. The optimum conditions were found to be as follows： pine needle dosage 700 g, extraction time 5 h. The essential oil yields from the needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottottii Engelm were 0.45% and 0. 19%, respectively. Moreover, the chemical compositions of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography （GC） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Sixty four components in the essential oil from needle of Pinus massoniana Lamb were separated and twenty of them （98.59%） were identified while seventy three components in the essential oil from needle of Pinus elliottottii Engelm were separated and twenty nine of them （94.23%） were identified. Generally, the compositions of the essential oils from needles of the two varieties were similar but the contents of some compounds differed greatly. Especially, the content of α-pinene in the essential oils from Pinus massoniana Lamb needles was 2. 6 times as that from Pinus elliottottii Engelm needles, but the content of β-pinene was less than the latter. Mono- and sesquiterpenes were the main composition of the essential oils from Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus eUiottottii Engelm needles.