北京地区杨潜叶跳象生物学特性及药物防治效果

Biology and control of Rhynchaenus empopulifolis in Beijing

杨潜叶跳象Rhynchaenu sempopulifolis Chen是杨树的重要食叶害虫之一。该虫在北京密云1年发生1代,以成虫越冬。翌年3月下旬越冬成虫开始出蛰上树危害。4月上旬成虫交尾,4月中旬开始产卵,卵产于叶片背面,孵化后即开始潜入叶肉内为害,4月下旬化蛹。5月上旬成虫羽化,然后继续上树取食叶片,直到10月下旬进入枯枝落叶内、石缝、表土中进行越冬。发现2种重要的寄生性天敌:杨跳象金小蜂Pteromalus miyunensis和三盾茧蜂Triaspissp.。它们对害虫种群起着较大的控制作用。用5%高效氯氰菊酯1000倍液进行土壤处理,杨潜叶跳象成虫和蛹的平均校正死亡率分别达到94.05%和66.5%。

Rhynchaenus empopulifolis Chen is one of the important defoliating insect pests of poplar trees in northern China. The biology and control techniques were studied preliminary in Miyun County, Beijing. Results showed that R. empopulifolis had a one-year life cycle in Miyun, and overwintered as adult. In late March of next year, the overwitered adult began to feed leaves of poplar trees. Adults mated in early April and laid eggs on under side of leaf of host tree 10 days later. After hatching its larvae chewed into leaf to feed between upper and lower surface till late April for pupation. The new adults emerged in early May and feed leaves until late October, then they overwintered in litters, under blocks and surface soil. There are two important parasitoids, Pteromalus miyunensis （Hymenoptera： Pteromalidae） and Triaspis sp. （Hymenoptera： Braconidae）, against population of R. empopulifolis in natural conditions. The mean corrected mortalities of the adults and pupae of the pest reached 94.05% and 66.5% respectively after soil treatment with 5% beta-cypermethrin1000 fold dilutions.