摘要
Runaway electrons in tokamaks have been widely studied theoretically and experimentally. The runaway confinement time τ1 in ohmic and additionally heated tokamak plasmas presents an anomalous behavior when compared with theoretical predictions based on neoclassical models. Runaway electrons have received lately a great attention due to several reasons： （a） the possibility to study electromagnetic turbulence by measuring the runaway flux fluctuations and its energy spectra, and （ b ） the runaway electrons are powerful diagnostics capable of yielding valuable information on the actual distribution function of fusion experiments.
