唐宋时期关于汉水正源的考辨

Source Identification of Hanjiang River in Tang and Song Dynasties

汉水为长江最大支流,也是中国古代历史文化名河之一。但历史上汉水正源问题却围绕《禹贡》“皤冢导漾,东流为汉,又东为沧浪之水”的记载两千多年来长期争讼不已。唐宋时期,随着西部地理之学的兴盛,历史地理学者对此作出进一步不懈的探索,兴元府三泉嶓冢汉源说基本上得以确立,奠定了后世汉中汉源说的基础。本文根据唐宋大量地志文集的记载对唐宋时期这一学案过程作了勾勒和梳理,认为对汉水正源兴趣颇浓的争讼与不懈求索,显示了唐宋间汉水文化地位的提高和唐宋学者对西部水系地理认识的深化。

Though a well-known river with rich culture and history, Hanjiang was long in controversy for its real source. Historical geographers of Tang and Song dynasties did their best and established the source as at Sanquan, Mt. Bozhong, Xingyuan Prefecture. This paper reviews the studies of the dynasties and concludes that the long lasting dispute shows the status rise of the river and the further understanding of the geographers of the time.