极低出生体重儿的营养及其护理

Nutrition and nursing of very low birth weight infant

目的探讨极低出生体重儿营养模式。方法将62例极低出生体重儿随机分为单纯胃肠道营养组、全静脉营养组、混合营养组3组,观察3组患儿体重增长、排便和腹胀情况。结果全静脉营养组和混合营养组体重增长较胃肠道营养组明显(P<0.01),混合营养组和全静脉营养组胎便排出较胃肠道营养组明显延迟(P<0.01),胃肠道营养组和全静脉营养组腹胀次数较混合营养组高(P<0.01),混合营养组和胃肠道营养组排便次数明显多于全静脉营养组(P<0.01)。结论在早期极低出生体重儿的喂养中,静脉营养结合胃肠道营养是三者中较佳的营养方式,有利于极低出生体重儿的生长发育和胃肠功能完善。

Objective To explore the mode of nutrition in very low birth weight infants （VLBWI）. Methods These 62 casese of VLBWI were randomized into the simple gastrointestinal nutrition group （SGING）, parenteral nutrition group （PNG） and the mixed nutrition group（MNG）. The increase of weight, defaecation and abdominal distension in VLBWI were surveyed. Results The increase of weight was significantly higher in PNG and MNG than in SGING （P〈0.01）. The times of meconium exclusion in MNG and PNG were more delayed than that in SGING （P〈0.01）, but the times of defaecation in SGING and MNG were more many than that in PNG （P〈0.01）. The frequence of abdominal distension was significantly higher in SGING and PING than in MNG （P〈0.01）. Conclusion During the early feeding of VLBWIs, the parenteral nutrition combined with the simple gastrointestinal nutrition is the best mode of nutrition, it will profit to perfect the gastrointestinal function, and will be beneficial for growth and development of VLBWI.