岩矿石密度仪的设计

Design of Density Measuring Instrument of Rocks and Minerals

针对DM-2密度仪存在精度低、显示不便、所测样本种类受限、操作复杂不足等问题,在分析常用固体密度测量方法的基础上,提出了一种基于阿基米德浮力定律测量岩矿石密度的方法,并完成了密度仪硬件电路设计和配套软件编程工作,同时给出了密度仪的技术指标及测量结果的误差分析。密度仪由荷重传感器、放大器、模数转换器、单片机、显示部分及USB(Un iversal Serial Bus)接口等组成。该密度仪不仅可以用于测量多种岩矿石标本的密度,而且也可用于固体标本的重量、体积、孔隙度和含油或水饱和度等多种参数的检测,同时实现了各种固体密度自动测试和密度值实时显示功能,提高了工作效率,减少了人为误差。本密度仪同DM2型密度仪相比,具有智能化程度高、自动LCD(L iqu id Crystal D isp lay)显示密度值、存储测试结果、可同计算机通讯、测量精度高(均方差)小于0.01 g/cm3和操作简单等优点。

DM-2 density instrument has many disadvantages, such as low precision, difficult to display result, restricted by variety of the samples, complicated to operate, etc. Based on analyzing the formal density measurement of solid matters, the paper brought forward a kind of density measurement method for the rocks and minerals based on the Archimedes law, finished the designing of density instrument hardware circuit and the compiling of support software, supplied the technical index of density instrument and the error analysis of measurement resuh. The density instrument consists of load sensor, amplifier, A/D converter, single-chip microcomputer, display and USB （Universal Serial Bus ） interface. This density instrument can be used not only for measuring the density of all kinds of rocks and minerals, but also for detecting the multifarious parameters of the solid sample, such as the weight, volume, porosity and the saturation of water or oil. It can realize the autotesting function for all kinds of solid density and the real-time display function of the density value, increase the work efficiency, decrease the man-made error. Compared with DM-2 density instrument, the instrument we designed has the advantages of high intelligences, density value auto-display with LCD （ Liquid Crystal Display ）, measuring results storage, capability of communicate with computer, high measurement precision （average square） that is less than 0. 01 g/cm^3 and easy to operate, etc.