当代“Science Studies”视阈下的客观性概念

Objectivity from Current "Science Studies" Perspective

在当代“Science Studies”领域之内,存在着两个大的亚研究纲领,即SSK和后SSK。在SSK的思维框架之下,科学仍然是知识和表征,其客观性是由社会利益所决定的;而后SSK则将科学看作是一种动态的实践,其客观性在于实践过程中不以人的意志为转移的瞬时突现性。在本体论上,SSK仍然坚持康德式的自然与社会的二元论,而后SSK则打破了这种二分,认为自然与社会共同地建构了科学;在认识论上,SSK试图寻求现象背后的本质———社会利益,而后SSK则只关注科学实践中的各种可见的异质性要素的相互作用。

There are two sub-paradigms——SSK and Post-SSK——in the field of 'Science Studies'.SSK thinks of science as knowledge and static representations,which objectivity is determined by social interests;Post-SSK regards science as a dynamic practice,and defines its objectivity as the temporal emergence in the process of practice,which is beyond human's mind.From the ontology perspective,SSK claims the dualism between nature and society,however,Post-SSK break through this dualism and holds that both of nature and society construct science together;And from the epistemology perspective,SSK tries to discover the invisible essence behind the appearances of science——social interests,but Post-SSK only concentrates on the interaction of diverse visible heterogeneous factors in the scientific practice.