基于村落尺度的丘陵山区人口分布特征与规律——以甘肃天水为例

Population Distribution Characteristics and Pattern on Hill and Mountanious Region Basing on Village Scale——Taking Tianshui as an Example

在以农业生产为主的丘陵山地，人口分布具有明显的分散性和差异性。基于村落尺度分析人口分布更接近实际。位于秦岭山地向黄土丘陵区过渡的天水地区，从市域、县域、乡镇到村落，随着分辨尺度的缩小，人口空间分布上的疏密不均现象越突出，变异系数迅速扩大。在7915个由城镇、村落和居民点构成的斑块上，面积在1．0～10hm^2范围的较小斑块占84．7％，表明分散的、小规模的村落仍是人口分布的主要形式。用非线性函数分析人口密度与村落用地比例、单位西积上的斑块数量、斑块大小的关系，可以较好地揭示人口分布上的一些特征和规律。天水人口分布在地域上明显地表现为河谷高密度区、丘陵中密度区、山地低密度区三种类型，反映人口分布特征的劳作半径和村落间距离在三种类型中都有显著差异。

Population distribution is provided with obvious dispersion and diversity speciality in hill and mountainous region there agriculture production is dominant. Analyzing population distribution on hamlet scale approaches fact much more. Tianshui is located to the transition region from Qinling mountain to loess hill, when distinguishing scale reduces from all territory, county, township to village, the disproportion phenomena that population distribution is sparse or dense in space stands out more and more, cv expands rapidly. In 7 915 spots being composed of towns, villages and settlements, less spots with 1.0 - 10 hm^2acreage account for 84.7%, this indicates dispersive and scale villages are still primary form of population distribution. The relationships among population density and small landuse proportion of villages, spot number on unit acreage and spot size are analyzed by non-linearity function, some characteristics and pattemin population distribution may be revealed well. Population distribution of Tianshui represent obviously three categories： river valley area with high density, hilly area with medium density and mountainous area with low density, labour radii and distance among villages exist huge difference in three categories.