区域生态环境脆弱性评价——以西藏“一江两河”地区为例

A Study of Regional Eco-environment Vulnerability——A Case of "One-River-Two-Tributaries",Tibet

区域生态环境脆弱性评价是当前人类日益关心的问题之一。以西藏“一江两河”地区为例探讨区域生态环境脆弱性评价的方法和指标体系,建立了基于逆向指标测度的评价模型;同时选取1990年和2004年两个时段的数据进行分形,通过比较两个年份脆弱性评价结果可以看出自1990年“一江两河”开发区建立以来,随着区域经济活动的日益加强,区域生态环境脆弱性不断加剧,经济发展对环境的压力不断加大,区域未来持续发展受到威胁;从影响区域生态环境脆弱性因子看,1990年主要是自然因子,2004年人为因子占比重加大;从县域生态环境脆弱类型来看,自1990年以来“一江两河”地区高脆弱型县由4个增加到10个,县域经济发展越迅速,生态环境脆弱性变化越快,经济发展对区域生态环境脆弱性的影响显著。

Vulnerability is the ability of enduring disturbance of system. When the eco-system in a certain area suffering intensely disturbance vulnerability will be occurredin this area and the whole regional eco-system will turn into vulnerable state. Based on the relationship between human and environment, directed by ecological economics, environmental economics and sustainable development theories, focused on human＇s economic activities, enclosed the incompatible development process between economy and environment in eco-environmental vulnerable regions, this paper analyzes the characteristics of vulnerability from its current state, development trend, stability, and so on, in 16 counties and two main towns of ＂one-river-two-tributaries＂ basin in Tibetby using the temporal series data and sectional data. The main research contents include ： the theory and study methodology of quantitative analysis for regional eco-environment vulnerability; the theory and study methodology of mutually acting mechanism between regional economy and environment; case study of eco-environment vulnerability and the rule of spatial-temporal distributing differenceof its driving forces in ＂one-river-two-tributaries＂ basin in Tibet; the analysis of current situation of relationship between human and environment and its development trend in ＂one-river-two-tributaries＂ basin in Tibet. Based on the above study the author comes to these conclusions： （ 1 ） The speed of economical development in ＂one-river-two-tributaries＂basin in Tibetis very rapid from 1990, while the eco-environment of this region becomes more and more frangible; （2） The eco-environment vulnerability in ＂one-river-two-tributaries＂ basin in Tibet being the results of co-action between environment and human, mainly of human action ; （3） The future economy development confronting the severe challenges of traditional development mode, so only building the well coupling relationship between eco-environment and regional economy development to avoid the unsustainable development behaviors which had been done at the price of impairing the eco-environment, and to realize the harmonious development between economy and environment.