磷钾硼锌肥对百合、白术产量和养分吸收的影响

Effect of Phosphorus,Potassium,Boron and Zinc Application on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Lily and Large-headed Atractylodes Rhizome

在田间试验条件下研究了不同营养元素对百合、白术产量和养分吸收的影响。两年结果表明,在河沙土和灰泥土上,施用磷、钾、硼和锌肥的百合产量分别平均增产5.1%、33.5%、22.3%、16.3%和16.2%、12.5%、2.1%、6.1%,在灰泥土上,白术产量分别平均增产8.6%、34.6%、9.1%、5.8%,百合施用钾、硼和锌肥的增产效果大于白术,而白术施磷的增产效果大于百合。施磷肥能促进百合和白术对氮、磷、钾和硼的吸收,而降低对锌的吸收;施钾、硼和锌肥能增进百合和白术的氮、磷、钾、硼和锌养分的吸收量。百合和白术吸收的养分量表现出钾>磷>锌>硼。百合和白术吸收的氮、磷、钾和锌主要分配在鳞茎和根状茎部分,吸收的硼主要集中在茎叶部分。平衡施肥可提高药用部分(鳞茎和根状茎)的磷、钾和锌养分的分配比率。

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nutritional elements on the yield and nutritient uptake of lily and large - headed atractylodes rhizome grown in field. The results showed that, in both alluvial sandy soil and grey clayey soil, the yield of lily in phosphorus, potassium, boron and zinc treatments increased averagely by 5.1%, 33.5% ,22.3%, 16.3% and 16.2%, 12.5% ,2.1% and 6.1%, respectively,and the rhizome yield of large- headed atractylodes in grey clayey soil increased by 15.1% , 34.7%, 9.1% and 5.7%, respectively. Phosphorus application could promote the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron uptake of lily and large - headed atractylodes rhizome, but decrease zinc uptake. Applying potassium, boron and zinc could increase nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron and zinc uptake of lily and large - headed atractylodes rhizome. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc taken up by lily and large -headed atractylodes rhizome were mainly distributed in bulb and rhizome parts, while boron was concentrated mainly in stem and leaf parts. The distribution ratio of phosphorus, potassium and zinc nutrients of medical parts （buld and rhizome） was improved by balanced fertilization.