不同缓/控释氮肥在玉米苗期的养分释放与转化研究

Nutrition Release and Transformation of Slow/Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers at Maize Seedling Stage

采用盆栽试验,模拟田间生态环境,研究施用不同缓/控释氮素肥料在玉米苗期的土壤尿素态氮、硝态氮、铵态氮及矿质态氮数量。研究表明,施用醋酸酯淀粉包膜脲酶抑制剂NBPT涂层大颗粒尿素肥料的尿素态氮含量最高,为21.29 mg kg-1土;硝化抑制剂DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素、醋酸酯淀粉包膜DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素的铵态氮含量最高,分别达到60.22 mg kg-1土和59.93 mg kg-1土,硝态氮含量最低,分别为29.82 mg kg-1土、27.97 mg kg-1土,相互间差异不显著;醋酸酯淀粉包膜大颗粒尿素的硝态氮和矿质态氮含量都最高,分别为102.08 mg kg-1土和135.25mg kg-1土,铵态氮、尿素态氮含量最低,分别为33.16 mg kg-1和3.42 mg kg-1土,相互间无显著差异;DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素、丙烯酸树脂包膜NBPT涂层大颗粒尿素、醋酸酯淀粉包膜DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素和丙烯酸树脂包膜DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素在玉米苗期的土壤矿质态氮含量最少,相互间无显著差异,分别为89.75 mg kg-1土、93.70 mg kg-1土、88.19 mg kg-1土和86.22 mg kg-1土,说明它们在玉米苗期氮素养分释放量最少,包膜和抑制剂的作用效应较好。

The investigation was conducted by pot culture experiments under a simulated field ecosystem. The amounts of urea, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in soil after the application of slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers were monitored at the maize seedling stage. The results showed that in all fertilizer treatments, the amount of urea nitrogen in soil was the highest（21.29mg kg^ -1 ） by fertilizing the N - （n - butyl） thiophosphric triamide （NBPT） - amended large size granular of urea coated by the starch acetate. The amounts of ammonium nitrogen in soil by fertilizing the dicyandiamde（DCD） and NBPT- amended and the DCD and NBPT -amended large size granular of urea coated by starch acetate was the highest in all the fertilizers treatments. The amount of nitrate nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in soil by fertilizing the large size granular of urea coated by starch acetate was greatest in all slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatments. The amount of mineral nitrogen in soil by fertilizing the DCD and NBPT - amended large size granular of urea, the NBPT - amended big granular urea coated by methyl methacrylate, the DCD and NBPT - amended large size granular of urea coated by starch acetate and the DCD and NBPT - amended large size granular of urea coated by methyl methacrylate was the lowest at maize seedling stage. The above findings indicated that the effect of the film and inhibitor was most significant.