地理—生态过程研究的进展与展望

Progress and Perspective of Geographical-ecological Processes

在人类活动深刻影响和全球环境变化背景下,传统地理—生态过程研究正发生深刻变化。本文在概述地理—生态过程研究概况的基础上,指出:(1)地理—生态过程研究的基本科学问题包括结构与过程、综合与集成两大方面,涉及结构、功能、动态、驱动力、过程、机制、要素集成、过程集成、区域集成等科学要点;(2)地理—生态过程研究的重点集中在尺度—结构—过程相互作用、自然—经济—社会相互联系、地貌—水文—生态过程相互耦合、地理—生态过程与资源环境效应相结合等领域;(3)地理—生态过程研究的发展呈现出系统化、综合性、交叉性和应用性的发展趋势;(4)未来地理—生态过程研究的重大论题包括地表系统中的物质、能量和生物流过程研究,地表环境变化的驱动力研究,区域综合和区域内异质性研究,尺度推绎与转换研究,地理学的整体性研究,方法论创新,应用研究等内容;(5)未来地理—生态过程研究应当注意加强观测、实验、调查与模拟,加强遥感与野外观测的结合,加强区域综合和全球研究,加强学科交叉等。

Under the background of human activity and global environmental change, the research of traditional geographical-ecological processes are undergoing fundamental change over the past few decades. Based on the general overview of the research situation, the development and perspective of geographical-ecological processes are discussed in the paper. From the research progress of geographical-ecological processes, it can be inferred that the basic science research issues of geographical-ecological processes include： （1） structure and processes, which consist of structure, function, dynamic, driving forces, processes and mechanism; （2） synthesis and integration, involving elements integration, processes integration, regional integration, and other scientific points. And the studies of geographical-ecological processes focus on the scale-structure-process interactions, natural-economic-social interactions, topographical-hydro-ecological processes mutual coupling, geographical-ecological processes and the combination with resources environmental effects. The research of geographical-ecological processes in the development is showing a systematic, integrated, cross-cutting and applied development trend. And the critical issues of geographical-ecological processes in the future study can be summarized as follows： （1） the processes of materials, energy and biological flows in earth surface systems; （2） the driving forces, procedure, effects of earth＇s surface environment; （3） regional composition and regional heterogeneity; （4） scale and scaling; （5） holistic synthesis of geography; （6） innovation of methodology; and （7） application of the geographical-ecological processes research.