亲密关系的外显与内隐测量及其相互关系

Explicit and Implicit Measures of Intimate Relationships and Their Association

为了验证外显与内隐的差序格局,研究者考察了最亲密的家人、恋人以及最亲密的好朋友的外显和内隐亲密程度的差异与联系,以及性别对亲密关系的影响。结果表明,三个目标对象的外显亲密程度之间存在差异,但内隐亲密程度之间不存在差异;外显和内隐亲密程度之间相关不显著;外显测量结果没有显著的性别差异,但在内隐测量中,男性比女性对恋人感觉更为亲密。研究者针对这些结果分别进行了讨论。

The current study was designed to fill in this gap. In this study, the differences and associations between explicit and implicit closeness of the most intimate family member （blood relationship）, lover （romantic relationship） and the most intimate friend （friendship） were investigated. Explicit closeness was measured by direct ordering and the Inclusion of Other in the Self （IOS） scale, while implicit closeness was measured by Implicit Association Test （IAT）. It was within-subjects designed, with all the participants finishing the implicit and explicit measures of all three relationships. In addition to the two explicit measures, each participant also finished seven ures, the other three compared the three target figures to a er. IATs, three of which compared the self to the three target figgeneral other, and the last one compared self to a general other. The results indicated that a） There were significant differences between explicit closeness across the three targets. Specifically, family members were the closest, followed by romantic partner, and friend came the last. However, no differences existed in their implicit closeness; b） No significant correlation was found between explicit and implicit closeness; c） Gender differences were not significant in explicit measures. For implicit measures, males felt closer to lovers than females. A rough Differential Pattern can be drawn from this study. The differences found between implicit and explic;t measures might arise from the different nature of the cognitive underpinnings of the two types of closeness. These findings suggest potential usefulness of IAT as indirect measure of closeness. Future research should select more points from the continuum of closeness, such as general family member, classmates, and acquaintances in order to examine more thoroughly the Differential Pattern.