异源精子诱导大黄鱼雌核发育的研究

Study on the allogynogenesis of Pseudosciaena crocea

使用未经失活的浅色黄姑鱼精子诱导大黄鱼雌核发育，获得了大黄鱼雌核发育单倍体。对单倍体受精卵实施压力休克，能够产生正常存活的大黄鱼雌核发育二倍体。最佳实验为：在20℃下，受精后3min，然后对受精卵施加45MPa的压力，持续2min。在这种情况下相对孵化率可达88．5％。在染色体加倍的操作中，染色体未被成功加倍的胚胎由于单倍体的致死效应，在孵化前后死亡，从而保证了存活的仔鱼为大黄鱼雌核发育二倍体。该方法的建立为海水养殖的大黄鱼品种的改良提供了技术基础。

Ova of Pseudosciaena. crocea were inseminated with untreated Nibea chui sperm, and the fertilized eggs were gynogenetic haploid of P. crocea actually. The fertilized eggs treated with hydrostatic pressure shock could induce gynogenetical diploids. The optimal treatment was that, fertilization at 20℃ for 3.0min, then 45MPa pressure treatment for 2min. Under this condition, the relative hatching rate could reach 88.5 %. Before hatching, the embryo of large yellow croak would die whose chromosomes were diploided unsuccessfully. The fatal effect of the haploid ensured that the survive larvae were allogynogenetical diploids.