上海市区原水中藻细胞控制及水华处理对策研究

Research on Algae Cells Control and Countermeasure against Algae Bloom in Raw Water in Shanghai City

以藻细胞浓度表征原水中的藻毒素含量，考察了上海市黄浦江和长江原水中的藻细胞浓度及其在静止环境下的增殖情况，同时研究了水库水暴发水华后的处理对策。研究表明，一般情况下上海市区原水中藻细胞浓度为1×10^4～1×10^7／L，未超过9．1×10^6个／L的藻细胞浓度限值；在静止环境下，原水中的藻细胞会迅速增殖，当其停留时间过长时有藻细胞浓度超限及微囊藻毒素超标的危险；如在黄浦江上游建立水库蓄水，则原水停留时间应控制在2～3d，从而起到净化水体和抑制藻细胞过度增殖的效果；当水库水暴发水华后，可采用大比例更换水体的方法增加其浊度和流动性，以有效控制藻类的水华现象。

Microcystin content in raw water is characterized by the algae cell concentration. The algae cell concentration in the raw water of Huangpu River and Yangtze River and the cell proliferation in ranges from 1 × 10^4 to 1 × 10^7 cells/L which don＇t exceed the limit value of algae cell concentration 9.1 × 10^6 cells/L. The algae cells in the raw water proliferate rapidly in quiescent environment. The algae cell concentration and microcystin concentration possibly exceed the limit value when the retention time of reservoir water is long. If the reservoir is built in upriver Huangpu River, the retention time of raw water shall be controlled around 2 to 3 days. It will cause the water to be purified partially and inhibit excessive proliferation of algae cells. In order to effectively control the algae bloom, large-scale water replacement can be used to increase turbidity and fluidity.