中国对外贸易优势——基于国际分工视角的再研究

Comparative Advantage of Chinese Foreign Trade——Research Based on International Labor Specialization

中国对外贸易优势的研究要么结合国际直接投资,要么分析中国出口贸易的RCA指标。本文从国际分工的视角出发,运用国际专业化指标,探讨了中国对外贸易的比较优势。发现中国对外贸易的比较优势主要集中在消费品领域,2004年,资本品领域开始具备了一定的比较优势。中国对外贸易的比较劣势主要集中在半成品以及零部件领域。通过国别研究,我们发现,中国对亚洲国家和地区的对外贸易中,半成品以及零部件领域具有较大的比较劣势。中国对外贸易比较优势形成的关键原因在于加工贸易的贸易政策、外商直接投资企业的作用日益显著以及中国融入了亚洲生产网络等。

Studies on the comparative advantage of Chinese foreign trade have either integrated foreign direct investment, or have analyzed RCA index of Chinese export trade. Based on international labor specialization, bringing to bear international specialization index, this article has probed into the comparative advantage of Chinese foreign trade. This article found some facts as follows： the comparative advantage of Chinese foreign trade is mainly concentrated on the consumer goods area, and capital goods showed some comparative advantage in 2004. The comparative disadvantage of Chinese foreign trade are mainly concentrated on semi-manufactured goods and components. Chinese process trade policies, foreign investment enterprises and China＇s syncretization into Asian production networks are the key reasons.