控体重训练期膳食能量对古典摔跤运动员体脂、血液生化及肌肉力量的影响

Effects of Dietary Energy on Body Composition,Blood Indices and Muscular Strength in Greco-Roman Wrestlers during Weight Control Training

目的:探讨减重训练期膳食能量对运动员血液生化、体成份及肌肉力量等指标的影响,从而更好地监控运动训练。方法:以8名摔跤运动员为研究对象,测试分3个阶段,即正常训练期、慢减体重期和快降体重期,主要测试膳食热能摄取、血液生化和最大握力等指标。结果:运动员在快降期热能摄取显著低于慢减体重期,且体脂百分比也有显著下降(P<0.05);与慢减期相比,运动员在快降期皮质醇和血尿素均有显著升高(P<0.05),而血红蛋白、血清睾酮以及最大握力无明显差异;每千克体重能量摄取与血尿素有显著负相关性(r=-0.77),而与清CK和最大握力无显著相关性。结论:限制能量摄取仍是减重的主要手段之一,减少能量的摄取易导致机体分解代谢增强,且对该类项目的训练监控需考虑热能的因素。

The purpose of this study was to discuss the effects of dietary energy on body composition,blood indices and muscular strength of elite Greco-Roman wrestlers during weight reduction training. Eight Greco-Roman wrestlers （n= 8） were recruited. The test was divided into three stages： normal training period; slow weight reduction period and quick weight reduction period. The main indexes of each stage were obtained. The result showed that all subjects dietary energy showed a significant decrease（P〈0.05） during quick weight reduction period compared to the slow weight reduction period, and body mass and fat percent has a significant reduction （P 〈 0. 05）. Of all measured variables, only C and T/C ratio showed a significant change （P〈0.05） during quick weight reduction period compared to the slow weight reduction period ,and caused no effect on muscular performance. It concluded that energy limited was the main way of weight reduction,and research was needed to identify the best biomarkers of body fat percent and nutrition deficiency.