鱼类转基因技术综述

A Review of Studies on Transgenic Fish

基因转移的研究为鱼类遗传育种开辟了一条全新的途径。自1985年第1例转基因鱼问世至今已获得20～30种转基因鱼,在促进生长,提高鱼类抗逆性、抗病性等方面取得了巨大成绩。本文主要阐述了转基因鱼的构建机理、方法和检测方法以及各自的优缺点。外源基因的定点整合、稳定表达和遗传仍需要深入研究。构建“全鱼”基因则是今后发展的方向,受到越来越多的关注。

Studies on the gene transfer provide an entirely new method to the genetic breeding of fish. Since 1985 when the first batch of transgenic fish appeared in the world, more than 20 - 30 species of transgenic fishes have been achieved. Great achievements nave oeen made in the enhancement of growth, disease-resistant capability and adversity-resistant capability of fish. In this review, constructional mechanism, detection, methods, advantages and shortcomings of transgenic techniques are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, problems about the site - specific integration, stable expression and inheritance of transgene and the food safety and ecological of releasing transgenic fish remain to be studied. Now cloning and constructing of all fish genes are getting more and more attention.