河北省磁县医院1973—2005年4418例食管癌和贲门癌病例分析

The Analyses of 4418 Cases with Esophageal and Gastric Cardiac Cancers for 33 Years(1973-2005) in Cixian Hospital of Hebei Province

目的动态观察河北省磁县医院食管癌和贲门癌就诊患者的临床特征，加深对该地区食管癌和贲门癌发病情况的了解。方法严格记录磁县医院33年间（1973-2005年）食管癌和贲门癌患者手术记录，逐年分析手术患者的患病情况、性别、年龄、血型等。结果33年间该医院共手术治疗食管癌和贲门癌4418例，平均每年收治133人，各年度收治人数无显著差异（P〈0．05）。33年间收治食管癌2892例，占65％，贲门癌1526例，占35％。食管癌和贲门癌患者中男性（2916）多于女性（1502）（男：女，1．9：1），尤以贲门癌更明显（男：女，3．6：1）（P〈0．05）。食管癌和贲门癌高发年龄段为50-59岁。有血型记录的食管癌1587例，贲门癌868例，食管癌和贲门癌B型血（37％，36％）患者所占比例均高于其它血型（P〈0．05）。而AB血型的人在食管和责门癌中所占的比例都最低（10％，11％）。有家族史的食管癌思者675例，占23％；贲门癌319例，占21％。中段食管癌最常见，占79％，而上段少见，占5％。结论食管癌和贲门癌是磁县地区最常见的恶性肿瘤，男性明显高于女性，贲门癌更为显著；食管和贲门癌患者均以B型血多见，男性多于女性，50-59岁为高峰年龄段。

Objective To characterize the clinical prevalence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma （GCA） in Cixian Hospital of Hebei Province. Methods To record the clinical data of the patients with SCC and GCA enrolled in Cixian Hospital in 33 years （1973 - 2005） and to analyze the distributions of these patients according to their sex, age, blood type, et al. Results There were 4418 cases with SCC and GCA enrolled in this hospital for 33 years, with an average of 133 cases per year and there was no difference for the prevalence of SCC and GCA each year for 33 years. Of the 4418 cases, there were 2892 cases with SCC （65%）, and 1526 cases with GCA （35%）. The prevalence of SCC and GCA in males was higher than that in females （ males： females, 1.9 ： 1 ）, especially in GCA （ males： females, 3.6 ： 1 ）. SCC and GCA occurred more frequently in the group of age 50 - 59. In 1587 SCC cases and 868 GCA cases with the records of blood types, B blood type was the main patterns of both SCC and GCA （37% and 36% ）, and AB blood type was the very less patterns of both SCC and GCA （10% and 11% ）. 675 cases with SCC had family history （23 % ）, while the rate of GCA cases with family history was 21%. In the middle esophagus SCC was the most common, accounted for 79%, in contrast with low incidence at the upper esophagus （5 % ）. Conclusions SCC and GCA remain the most common malignant diseases in this area, much higher frequency in males than that in females, especially in GCA; B blood type is the most common to both SCC and GCA, the group of age 50 - 59 is the most common with high frequencies in males.