3LAASCH H U, MARRIOTT A,WILBRAHAM L, et al. Effectiveness of open versus antireflux stents for palliation of esophageal carcinoma and prevention of symptomatic gastroesphageal reflux [J]. Radiology ,2002, 225 (2) : 359 - 365.
5LAMBERT R. Treatment of esophagogastric tumors [J] . Endoscopy, 2000, 32(4):322 - 330.
6ESPINEL J, VIVAS S, MUNOZ F, et al.Palliative treatment of malignant obstruction of gastric outlet using an endoscopically placed enteral Wallstent [J]. Dig Dis Sci,2001,46 (11 ) :2322 - 2324.
8HEOPFFNER N, FOERSTER E C,HOGEMANN B, et al. Long-term experience in wall stent therapy for malignant choledochal stenosis [J ]. Endoscopy, 1994,26 (7) : 597 - 602.
9SCHOFL R, BROWNSTONE E, REICHEL W, et al. Malignant bile duct obstruction: experience with self-expanding metal endoprotheses (wallstents) in Australia [J]. Endoscopy, 1999, 26(7):592 - 596.
3Ell C, May A. Self-expanding metal stent for palliation of stenosing tumors of the esophagus and cardiac: a critical review. Endoscopy,1997,29(5) :392 - 398.
4Neuhaus H, Hoffmann W, Dittler HJ, et al. Implantation of self- expanding esophageal metal stents for palliation of malignant dysphagia. Endoscopy, 1992, 24(5) :405 -410.
5Weinberg DS, Kadish SL. The diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux desease. Med Clin North Am, 1996, 80(2) :411 -429.