香港地铁系统票价弹性的研究

Fare Flexibility in Hong Kong Subway System

由于轨道交通铁路系统安全、快捷和可靠,因此香港现时的运输政策是鼓励采用轨道交通作为公共交通系统的骨干。乘客对轨道交通服务的需求,跟轨道交通与其他公共交通工具在票价水平和车程时间方面的差距有密切关系。把票价定于大多数乘客可接受的水平,最能增加轨道交通服务的使用率。阐述了应用计算机化运输模型(铁路发展研究模型)研究香港地铁系统的票价弹性问题;使用铁路发展研究模型模拟乘客面对票价调整时的乘车模式选择取向,然后再分析模拟结果,以便研究乘客需求的转变和对地铁系统营运收入的影响。还研究了轨道交通票价水平对其他公共交通工具,特别是专营公共汽车和小公共汽车需求的影响。

The transportation policy in Hong Kong is to encourage the use of railways as the backbone of public transport system, owing to the safe, quick and rdiable characteristics of railway system. Passengers＇ request for railway service is closely related to the fare and the trip time headway between railway and other mass transit means. Fare level shall be accepted by most passengers which is the best way to increase utilization ratio of railway service. To achieve the goals, .some innovations must be adopted, including taking service as the guidance, establishing service center, carrying out diversity marketing and passenger satisfaction surveys. This paper explains the application of computerized transport model （Railway Development Study Model） in the research of fare flexibility in Hung Kong subwaay system, and uses this model to simulate passengers＇ choice for riding pattern when the fare is adjusted. In order to study the changes in passenger demand and operating revenue, the simulation result is analyzed. In addition, the impact of railway fare level on other mass transit means, particularly franchised buses and minibuses is also studied.